T847CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

T847CA - Essay Example I was lucky to be able to help students whom patient did not show up or did not have a patient because there were two new patients from downstairs. The next most important thing about clinical assistance was listening to detail with different other tasks. I wrote down on the paper each task given, so that I could remember what Irma said. In the meantime, my task was to update appointment on the Axiam. I noticed by adding the code in the treatment plan for group 2 was simple as well as scheduling the patient on Lunex. The students should be able to reschedule their appointment in the Lunex without going through Irma. As a result, Jackson can save her overload work. Because I was cheerful in a calmly manner, everyone we helped went smoothly through the process. For me, this clinical assistant rotation was a great experience as a learner because I realized that Jackson had to work in the office by herself. I was also able to update the entry record in the Lunex which was also a great experience. I would recommend this rotation to everyone especially for this purpose, because one can gain more knowledge and admiration aspect of being in the clinic office. I did not encounter any negative incident and I am happy to conclude that generally, the whole rotation experience was not only wonderful but also

Personal Competency Essay Example for Free

Personal Competency Essay Personal competencies represent a person’s ability, skill, character, and knowledge that develop through life experiences. Competencies are required to perform efficiently in any professional organization. The ability to fully understand his or her personal competencies and using it as a resourceful tool for improvement constructs the foundation of highly effective management department. Poor communication is often the biggest barrier in organizational effectiveness. In a managerial position, development of communication skills is an integral part for managers to build and maintain relationships by employee‘s self-concept. When expectations are known, uncertainties are reduced, outcomes can then be better predicted allowing the organization to run smoothly. To overcome conflicts and effectively communicate with different areas of the business, management uses communication technique to have a pleasant and productive work atmosphere. Clearly defining each position’s roles and responsibilities sets a foundation and reduces tension in the workplace. Employees feel valued when managers actively listen to concerns and allow workers to participate in any decision-making process. This helps build a positive, parallel relationship between the manager and employee. Keeping an open mind and knowing that disagreements can occur help contribute to advancement of a business by realizing that management may not always be right. Innovating and strategizing are the essential competencies to focus on in order to adapt strong communication skills. A successful innovative organization clearly explains to each employee the organization’s vision, mission, purpose and each position’s responsibilities. Making sure the vision is understood, trusting staff members and prioritizing meetings is a guiding light for an innovative organization. Strategizing also is another critical element that allows better communication. Reflecting on the previous year, and current year and planning for future years allows the organization to expand through the use of communication. Communication is the key to the success of many objectives and goals set by individuals and upper management. Recognizing each individual’s personality and finding various ways to communicate is an integral part of management in any organization.

Death is not to be Feared :: essays research papers

Could I possibly die tomorrow? In a week? Or do I still have many years ahead of me? These are some questions many people often ask themselves. The fear of death affects many individuals, but it certainly didn?t affect a philosopher by the name of Socrates. He argued that death is not to be feared and personally I both agree and disagree with him. Death, it surrounds us, it could be waiting for us at any corner, whether it is a car swerving out of control, a heart attack, or a nasty slip on ice, we tend to try not thinking about it too much, but it?s something unavoidable, something we all eventually come to. I believe that pretty much everyone dreads it in one way or another. I also believe that it is the unknown that many people really fear, the uncertainty of what comes next if anything. For most people there?s always the question of what comes after they die. Some believe that there?s a place reserved for them up in the sky and their life will continue, others think it leads to a state of peace and reconciliation. No one really knows, and that is what scares people that most. The uncertainty of it is truly nerve racking. They can theorize and think about it as much as they want but it is still an unknown event. Another reason that leads to a fear of death is the actual event of dying. It is because dying can involve a great deal of suffering and pain. Drowning, being burnt alive, and being strangled are the ways of dying that engage in an imaginable agonizing physical pain. I?m sure that anyone who has thought about death has also thought about how their own lives may come to an end. I personally wonder about how I will move on from this world, asking myself questions such as: ?will it hurt? or ?will it happen in my sleep No one wants to suffer and the thought of any kind of pain before dying is very frightening. Even though death is something extremely mysterious, maybe it?s not the death people fear, but dying unprepared. They become anxious because of the fact that there are so many things they wish to accomplish in their lives, so many things they haven?t done. I think this is where the fear of death can be even further coded into their minds. Death is not to be Feared :: essays research papers Could I possibly die tomorrow? In a week? Or do I still have many years ahead of me? These are some questions many people often ask themselves. The fear of death affects many individuals, but it certainly didn?t affect a philosopher by the name of Socrates. He argued that death is not to be feared and personally I both agree and disagree with him. Death, it surrounds us, it could be waiting for us at any corner, whether it is a car swerving out of control, a heart attack, or a nasty slip on ice, we tend to try not thinking about it too much, but it?s something unavoidable, something we all eventually come to. I believe that pretty much everyone dreads it in one way or another. I also believe that it is the unknown that many people really fear, the uncertainty of what comes next if anything. For most people there?s always the question of what comes after they die. Some believe that there?s a place reserved for them up in the sky and their life will continue, others think it leads to a state of peace and reconciliation. No one really knows, and that is what scares people that most. The uncertainty of it is truly nerve racking. They can theorize and think about it as much as they want but it is still an unknown event. Another reason that leads to a fear of death is the actual event of dying. It is because dying can involve a great deal of suffering and pain. Drowning, being burnt alive, and being strangled are the ways of dying that engage in an imaginable agonizing physical pain. I?m sure that anyone who has thought about death has also thought about how their own lives may come to an end. I personally wonder about how I will move on from this world, asking myself questions such as: ?will it hurt? or ?will it happen in my sleep No one wants to suffer and the thought of any kind of pain before dying is very frightening. Even though death is something extremely mysterious, maybe it?s not the death people fear, but dying unprepared. They become anxious because of the fact that there are so many things they wish to accomplish in their lives, so many things they haven?t done. I think this is where the fear of death can be even further coded into their minds.

Hnd Business Environment Essay

According to the my selected organization they used external recruitment in practice to attract candidates, They post a job vacancies on weekend newspaper . What is advertisement? Advertising is a one-way communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain them For Recruitment – To provide information that will attract a significant pool of qualified candidates and discourage unqualified ones from applying Use of Advertisements in Recruitment Process. Creating awareness of Job Opportunities in the specified field of Interest. Finding Desirable Candidates Keeping an competitive edge over competitors as more advertisements attracts best of the job seekers. Advertisement is the fastest way to spread recruitment hiring information . Selection: Is the process of discovering the qualifications & characteristics of the job applicant in order to establish their likely  suitability for the job position. A good selection requires a methodical approach to the problem of finding the best matched person for the job . Selection Process Preliminary Interview Selection Tests Employment Interview Reference and Background Analysis Physical Examination Job Offer Employment Contract . Use of psychological test in selection Why choose testing Objectivity – good psychological tests are standardised on a large sample and provide normative data across a wide range of demographics and age cohorts. Well selected tests will allow you to demonstrate talents that may otherwise not be evident. Validity – psychometric tests are a more valid method of assessment than interviews, academic achievement & reference checks, and when utilised in combination (for example in an assessment centre) are highly predictive of future job performance. Cost – the cost of selection errors is large for both the employer and the employee. Psychometric tests help to minimise costs while maximizing potential fit between the candidate and the job. Army Alpha and Beta tests (WW1) – developed out of an urgent need to select personnel with specific aptitudes for training in specialist and strategic roles. Today – Psychological tests widely used in selection practices. USES OF TESTS Evaluation of right candidate Proper selection of candidate Identifying the candidates personality Places Where Psychological Testing Is Used Colleges or Educational Institutes Army,Navy etc. Bank Airlines Companies Schools So, now a days in most of the places candidates are evaluated on the basis of the psychological test. Advantages can result in lower turnover due if applicants are selected for traits that are highly correlated with employees who have high longevity within the organization can reveal more information about applicant’s  abilities and interests can identify interpersonal traits that may be needed for certain jobs Disadvantages difficult to measure personality traits that may not be well defined applicant’s training and experience may have greater impact on job performance than applicant’s personality responses by applicant may may be altered by applicant’s desire to respond in a way they feel would result in their selection lack of diversity if all selected applicants have same personality traits cost may be prohibitive for both the test and interpretation of results lack of evidence to support validity of use of personality tests Tips Select traits carefully : An employer that selects applicants with high degree of ‘assertiveness’, ‘independence’, and ‘self-confidence’ may end up excluding females significantly more than males which would result in adverse impact. Select tests carefully: Any tests should have been analyzed for (high) reliability and (low) adverse impact. Not used exclusively: Personality tests should not be the sole instrument used for selecting applicants. Rather, they should be used in conjunction with other procedures as one element of the selection process. Applicants should not be selected on the basis of personality tests alone. . Stages In Selection Process: Stage 1: Screening Of Application Forms . Stage 2: Tests–Intelligence, Aptitude, Technical, Psychometric, Ability, Interest. Stage 3: Selection Interview. Stage 4: Selection Decision . RECRUITMENT PROCESS PRACTICE . RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR FRESHER WRITTEN /APPTITUDE. GROUP DISCUSSION. PSYCHOMETRIC TEST(CONDITIONAL). TECHNICAL INTERVIEWS(CONDITIONAL). HR INTERVIEWS. RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR HIGHER POST PSYCHOMETRIC TEST. BUSINESS GAME. HR INTERVIEWS. SELECTION PROCEDURE/STEPS – PRELIMINARY SCREENING – WRITTEN TEST – PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST -INTERVIEW – PHYSICAL TEST – REFERENCE – FINAL SELECTION . . Difficulties in Recruitment process Talent Acquistion. Expensive. Time Constraint. Retention of employees. Managing low attrition rate. Budget. Challenges in Recruitent & Selection: Talent Shortage Attrition Rate Reservations and other Gov. Policies Remoteness of Job Scrutinity of employee’s credentials . – Basic Different. Between Recruitment and Selection: Recruitment searching for and attracting applicants qualified to fill vacant positions Selection- Analyzing the qualifications of applicants and deciding upon those who show the most potential Take part in the selection process †¦.. How do you come to know about no. of candidates to be recruited? ïÆ'   First do check about current workforce which is on bench and having the required skill then we decide about no. of candidate to be recruited. What’s the first process of recruitment? ïÆ'   If the recruitment is on small level and the skillset is easily available then we scan our database for candidates but if the recruitment is very large and skillset is presice (or scarcity of skillset ) then we give the advertise in news papers. †¦.. What is the next step you follow ? ïÆ'   We shortlisted the resume on  the basis of skill and experience and availability of skill set in market, then we invite them for further process like Aptitude Test ,Group Discussion, Interview. †¦. What kind of professionals can find job opportunities with the company? ïÆ'   We have a rigorous recruitment process to ensure that we hire the best talent in the industry. All our HR processes are competency based. Educational qualifications are function dependent. In addition to a good education, we look for candidates with high potential, integrity and the ability to lead the organisation in future. Our main focus is on `internal growth’ and hence we look for candidates who are steady, interested in building a career with Wipro and who bring a new perspective to the organisation. †¦ What kind of retention policies do you implement to fight attrition? ïÆ'   Our values and culture, freedom and autonomy, exciting challenges and opportunities for career advancement are our key retention tools. We work in a highly charged environment with talented and successful people that motivate one and all. We believe that apart from salaries, employees seek fast growth, exciting work environment and opportunity to make a difference through entrepreneurial ventures, amongst other things. Each employee has a career growth plan in place. Based on the career plan we give each of them opportunity to work in various functions to get a wide and varied exposure. We also have a compensation design, which aggressively differentiates between performers and non-performers. We also purge ETHICS OF RECRUITING AND SELECTION Executives are often surprised to discover how many ethical dimensions exist in recruiting, probably because selection is typically viewed as a practical, rather than philosophical, decision-support system. Our experience has demonstrated that personal and corporate ethics influence not only who is selected, but how jobs are defined and who becomes a candidate. In the pages that follow, we will explore the implications of those (often subtle) ethical issues that impact every employment decision. We will  highlight our belief that there is a moral imperative attached to the recruitment and selection process which can be stated as arriving at a decision which — within the constraints of time, economics and the law — places the future of the candidate and that of the employer in the least possible jeopardy. It is epitomized by choosing a candidate who will be challenged while succeeding and who contributes to the organization’s goal attainment by adding uniquely to its fabric of talents. Making an ethical personnel selection involves gathering and carefully analyzing all relevant data so that the decision is wisely drawn, balancing the short and long-term benefits — as well as the liabilities — which could accrue to the organization and the individual. To achieve such an optimal result requires thoughtful vigilance throughout the planning, sourcing, interviewing and referencing process. www.integrepartners.com (o) 312-819-5900, (f) 312-819-5924 1 The legislations of Recruitment and Selection The contents of this section include: Data protection and freedom of information legislation Equality legislation Types of discrimination – direct and indirect ‘Lawful’ discrimination Liability What you can and can’t ask candidates Equality and Diversity policy Individual merit principle Good practice guide for interviewing (personal questions) Data protection and freedom of information legislation Data protection and freedom of information legislation are important considerations during the recruitment and selection process. Generally, personal data is only to be obtained for specified and lawful purposes (such as obtaining information for selection purposes) and relevant to employment. All information is to be confidentially maintained (e.g. Appointing Committee members must not discuss with anyone other than HR and other Committee members any candidate details). Appointing Committee members should be aware that all documentation (hard copies and electronic copies) about a candidate is potentially disclosable at their request (i.e. application to the University’s Data Protection and Freedom of Information Office). This includes: shortlisting notes interview notes notes on tests references It is, however, important that notes have sufficient detail so that decisions are fully transparent. This is both in the interests of candidates (who are increasingly seeking feedback on why they were rejected) and of the Appointment Committee members in the event there is a complaint. It is difficult, if not impossible, to recall specific details of a specific candidate months later in the event that accusations of unfair treatment are made. Equality legislation There are a number of pieces of legislation impacting the recruitment and selection process. They include: Equal Pay Act 1970 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race Relations Act 1976 / Amendment Act 2000 Parental Leave Regulations 1999 The Disability Discrimination Act 1996, 2005, 2006 EU Directive 1000/78/EC on Equal Treatment in Employment Equality Act 2006 Work and Families Act 2006 Collectively these Acts prohibit discrimination in employment (including the recruitment and selection process) on any of the following grounds: gender marital status family status disability colour race nationality, national or ethnic origin religion or beliefs sexual orientation age Types of discrimination – direct and indirect Direct Discrimination Direct discrimination is where an individual is treated less favourably than another because of sex, marital status, colour, nation origin, disability etc. An example would be rejecting all women candidates for positions traditionally held by men (e.g. security), or advertising for ‘young researchers’ (rather than ‘early career researchers’). Indirect Discrimination Indirect discrimination is where everyone is treated the same but there are requirements that disproportionately impact members of a group protected from discrimination (e.g. women, members of a particular religion or race). An example would be height or weight or strength requirements that discriminate against women but cannot be demonstrated to be related to the ability to competently perform the job in question. Indirect discrimination is the most common form of discrimination though often inadvertent and unintentional. However, the legality of the recruitment and selection process does not rest on good intentions and cannot be used as a defence to a complaint.

Macbeth Appearance vs Reality

Appearance vs. Reality The role of deception and the motif of appearance and reality had a large role in Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth. The motif of appearance and reality is first introduced by Shakespeare early on in the play when Macbeth must cover up for the murder of Duncan. This motif of appearance versus reality, or deception, appears again when Macbeth fools the murderers that killed Banquo. Macbeth tricks the murderer’s into believing it was Banquo’s fault that they led such miserable lives when in reality Banquo had nothing to do with them.Finally, the reader sees this motif of appearance versus reality appear one last time towards the end of the play when Macbeth believes he is invincible and ends up ignoring one of the witches’ prophecies which ultimately leads to his demise. Throughout Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth has the knack to make others believe in him although he is ultimately lying to them. This can be first seen during the murder o f King Duncan and his two servants when Macbeth must disguise the fact that he had committed the crime.Macbeth initially feared committing a crime such as killing Duncan because he had no reason to do it and feared the consequences. Lady Macbeth, however, sensing the weakness in her husband’s heart gives Macbeth a piece of advice; â€Å"False face must hide what the false heart doth know. † (I. VII. 92). Lady Macbeth tells her husband to deceive everyone into believing that neither he nor his wife had anything to do with the murder of Duncan or his servants. After the crime has been committed, both Lennox and Macduff knock on Macbeth’s door.At this point Macbeth is feeling extremely guilty. However, Lady Macbeth diverts all attention away from Macbeth by fainting. â€Å"Help me hence, ho! † (II. III. 129) During this brief time span Macbeth manages to collect his thoughts and weasels his way out of a hole by lying about his knowledge involving Duncan†™s death. As the play progresses Macbeth uses his ability to deceive people to his advantage. He uses this ability to remove suspicion from himself when he kills his best friend, Banquo.The motif of appearance versus reality was shown to appear after a murder, but as the play wears on it is possible to see that it also occurs before a murder. An ideal example of this can be seen when Macbeth decides to kill Banquo. Macbeth decides to hire professional murderers to carry out the deed of killing Banquo so that he would not have to get his hands dirty. The murderers, stricken by poverty, lead difficult lives and Macbeth uses this fact to manipulate the murderers into believing his lies.Macbeth blamed the murderers’ hardships on Banquo even though Banquo had nothing to do with it. â€Å"Both of you Know Banquo was your enemy. † (III. I. 124-125). Using the ability to deceive others, Macbeth managed to trick the foolish murderers into believing Banquo was indeed their ene my. He later arranged for a feast to occur on the same day as the murder so that he could have his name cleared from any list of suspicions. Finally, one can also see the concept of appearance vs. reality when the Weird Sisters foretell their prophecies.One of the three apparitions that the weird sisters made appear before Macbeth was a child holding a tree. This apparition told Macbeth that he â€Å"shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him†(4. 1. 105-107) By saying this, the apparition caused Macbeth to gain great confidence, because if taken literally, it then sounds impossible for Macbeth to die. How can a forest move? Well it can’t. The witches used equivocation to deceive Macbeth into thinking that the whole forest needs to move, but reality only parts of the forest need to move.An example of this would be when each person in Siward’s army carries one piece of the forest to Dunsinane and unknowingly Siw ard has completed part of the prophecy. Soon after Macbeth receives word of this, â€Å"As I did stand my watch upon the hill, /I looked toward Birnam, and anon methought/ the wood began to move. † (5. 5. 37-39) Once Macbeth gets word of this, he realizes that what he thought was impossible, has just happened. The second apparition is a bloody child. This apparition tells Macbeth to â€Å"Be bloody, bold, and resolute. Laugh to scorn/ The power of man, for none of woman born/ Shall harm Macbeth. (4. 1. 90-92) Because of this apparition Macbeth gains copious confidence. Through his eyes, every man is of woman born, for everyone has a mother. The Weird Sisters, being very devious, do not count being born by a caesarian section as â€Å"of woman born† (4. 1. 91) This causes Macbeth to get a since of false security. So through Macbeth’s eyes he appears to be very safe. But in reality there is a dark future in store for him. The last of the three apparitions would b e the armed head. This apparition says â€Å"Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff! Beware the Thane of Fife! Dismiss me. Enough. † (4. 1. 81-82) This apparition essentially foretells who will kill Macbeth, sadly after hearing the preceding apparition, Macbeth ignores this warning and makes it seem irrelevant. These apparitions have, through Macbeth’s eyes, been nothing but good news. First he hears he will not die until a forest moves to his castle. Then he hears that he should beware Maduff, but then ignores the warning after he hears that anyone born from a woman cannot kill him. Anyone would have gained confidence after having heard this news.However, the Weird Sisters never speak literally, â€Å"the witches' prophesies are intentionally ambiguous† (Lizhi, Ye). So this since of invincibility that Macbeth gets, will later lead to his inevitable yet heroic demise. In conclusion, the concept of appearance vs. reality is found throughout the whole play. Thi s concept of deception is used, but not limited, to Macbeth. Macbeth takes the idea of deception and enhances it to the point of manipulating other people. This not only causes Macbeth to rise to power, but also once he has gained too much confidence, it causes his heroic and inevitable downfall.

Smartphone activity Essay Example

Smartphone activity Essay Example Smartphone activity Essay Smartphone activity Essay Activities I once saw a person trying to talk, text, check social media, and watch a video at the same time. When I asked, why are you doing all of those activities at once? They answered because they could and It would save time. New smoothness are able to carry out many more tasks at once, so It becomes a self challenge to see how many thing can you do at once. There is a variety of activities you can do with smartened. Some of these activities can be useful and productive, but some can be just time consuming. After talking with Delta College students I think I see a common pattern to what they do on their phones. Its similar I mean to say. Even people who are different from one another will be doing the same activities on their phone. This is a result of networks and media promoting and using their influence to make people want to use their application or product. Beginning with social media, it is one of the most time consuming and well know activities today. Social media itself can be classified as different applications Like Faceable, Twitter, and Mainstream. Everyone with a phone has at least one If not all of these on their phones. And I asked one of the people I talked with, Why do you have this on your phones Janice said that she really didnt know why, but It was Just the thing to have and everyone is doing it. That reminded me of something annoying that parents would say. But that is a common response. When something is popular, it draws people in. That goes for most of the trends that have become popular throughout the years. And it is no doubt that a new media is going to come and become the new thing that everyones on. Testing is the other activity that takes a lot of time away from the day, but is doesnt seem like it does. For example, my friend Jose whenever we hang out and he has his phone I ask, What are you doing? He replies, Someone Just tested me. Tested! Now there is a word that probably wasnt used 10 years ago. And testing is the new method of communication instead of actually talking to someone. This Is for sure people have almost forgotten what a call Is, and Its now weird to call someone. And really I dont remember when testing became popular. It just seems like it always was. However, testing has created a real problem, which is the pedestrian. So many of the students at Delta will walk around testing as they walk which causes people to walk into each other or really sometimes hurt themselves. And for people who dont text and walk it becomes our Job to dodge the oncoming pedestrians. Why text and walk? Just sit down finish testing and then go to where you need to go, but its different now. People are always in rush. It is always, l dont have time for that or Im running late. People are saying these things more and more often now. Next gaming on phones, another thing that Just recently became famous. It was always there even on older phones, but as the smartened came and began to advance, games became popular. Now every phone has a gaming app on It, and you can buy more on the App Store. Some are even free. This Is Like what my friend Andrea says, its free to get you addicted. Then youll end up buying it next. This is Crush Saga. Its hard to imagine what will come next. Its amazing how popular things get with Just word of mouth. Like Just a year ago, Floppy Bird was a very simple and fisticuff game. People talked about how hard it was, this Just brought people to play it to find out what it was all about. Many games have become popular from Just word of mouth and no advertising. Because of popularity and people playing it, it becomes all the more attractive to people with phones. Next is Music and video on your phone. It used to be that music was either downloaded on your phone or you would search and then listen to it. Also with videos, they were either downloaded or searched, but now its different. There has come an application revolution. Any of your needs can be met by a specific app. Youth is an Internet website turned app and now one of the most popular entertainment providers ever. One of the reasons is its free and many people have joined in, so there is a wide variety of videos to watch and music to listen to. Recently though, Youth has turned all video because of Pandora, Spottily, and other APS like it, which are all music oriented. Another craze that was started by Youth was the random funny video, which later was copied by other APS like Vine. It is astounding hat when something is popular how many people copy it all for the sake of a little fame. I think watching randomly would get boring, but what I call boring my friend Andrea calls the reason for life. And like him other people I know will go on to see only one thing in particularly but will end up doing and watching many other things for hours. All of these activities make up the time students spend on their phones. And when I say activities, there are quite a few, and I only wrote about some popular APS and games. There are a ton of other types of APS and other things that make up the activities on peoples phones. The time spent on an electronic device like a phone or a computer has increased, and I believe will keep increasing as technology advances. Whether that is a good thing or a bad thing is for you to decide, but its hard to be unbiased. We all have our own biases and prejudices, our own likes and dislikes, but I have yet to meet someone who has a smartened and doesnt want it, like it, or use it. Why this is? That is a good question and only can be answered by a person who likes their phone but knows it very time consuming and a little bit unnecessary.

Lab report on enzyme activity. Essay Example

Lab report on enzyme activity. Essay Example Lab report on enzyme activity. Paper Lab report on enzyme activity. Paper The reactant an enzyme acts on is referred to the enzymes substrate. The enzyme will combine with or to its substrate. While the two are joined, the substrate is converted to its product by catalytic action of the enzyme. There is an active site of the enzyme molecule which is a restricted region that actually attaches to the substrate. Usually the active site is formed by only a few of the enzymes amino acids, the rest is just the framework that reinforces the active site. In an enzymatic reaction, the substrate enters the active site then is held in place by weak bonds. Now the enzyme does its work and first changes shape so it can hold onto the substrate. Next the substrate is changed to its product, the product is released and the enzymes active site is ready and waiting for another molecule of substrate. Amylase is an enzyme in human saliva and in other organisms and its substrate is starch. When the active site of amylase binds with the starch, hydrolysis takes place. When the hydrolysis (the breaking of a chemical bond with the insertion of the ions of a water molecule) of starch is complete you are left with a saccharine called maltose. Enzymes are necessary for metabolic reactions, the question pose is thisdo variances of temperature, pH, substrate and enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction? METHOD To prepare for the experiment the following equipment was assembled: a spot plate, a test tube with amylase and starch in it, a Pasteur pipette, and iodine. The spot plate was labeled in time intervals each two minutes apart. A drop of iodine was placed in each area of the spot plate. This will demonstrate how long it takes the amylase to hydrology the starch. Using the pipette, a drop or two of the amylase/starch mixture was placed in one circle containing iodine on the spot plate. If the iodine turned blue, the hydrolysis is incomplete and the test was repeated at two minute intervals. If it remains the color of iodine the reaction is complete. The time that elapsed from the beginning of the the reaction is noted. To test the affect of temperature differences on the reaction 4 test tubes with a starch/amylase mixture were labeled at different degrees C. C, ICC, ICC, ICC. The test tubes were immersed in 4 water baths that were at the temperature babbled on the test tubes. The test tubes were left immersed for 10 minutes. The procedure noted above with iodine was followed for each test tube and the results documented. To test the effect of pH on the rate of hydrolysis 4 buffered solutions of pH 1. 0, 3. 0,7. 0 and 10. 0 were prepared . 4 test tubes were labeled with the different pH levels. The appropriate buffer solution was added to each test tube. Next . 5 ml of amylase was added to each test tube. The test tubes were plugged and inverted to mix the contents. Beginning with the test tube with lowest pH, 10 ml of starch as added to each tube. The tubes were again plugged and inverted to mix the contents. Again the procedure with the iodine was followed and the results documented. To test the effect substrate has on the rate of hydrolysis 4 test tubes were labeled with the following substrate dilutions: 50%, 25%, 10% and 5%. In the 4 test tubes, the following starch solutions were prepared: Dilution Starch Water Ion-II Ion-II ml ml ml ml 5% Mil ml . 1 ml of amylase was added to each test tube and the procedure with the iodine was followed and the results documented. To test the effect of enzyme concentration on hydrolysis, 4 test tubes were labeled with the following enzyme dilutions: 5%, 2. 5%, 1%, . 5%. In the 4 test tubes, the following enzyme solutions were prepared: Dilution Amylase Water 5% 2. Mm 0. Ml 2. 5% I. Mol I. Mol 1% . Ml 1. Ml . Mi 1. Ml Then ml of starch to each tube, the procedure with the iodine was followed and the results documented. RESULTS Upon the conclusion of the test, it was determined that variances of temperature, pH, substrate and enzyme concentration did affect the rate of he reaction. Different than what a person may think, the rate of reaction was longer with the colder temperature and the highest temperature. The rate if reaction shortened with the middle temperatures of 24 and 40 degrees C. In the test of the pH variances, again the results showed the longest rate of reaction in the highest and lowest pH levels. The rate of reaction decreased when the pH level changed from 3. 0 to 7. 0. The substrate concentration variances showed a steady increase in the rate of reaction in relation to increase of concentration. The enzyme concentration showed a steady decrease in the rate of reaction in relation to increased concentration. All raw data is stated in graphs at the end of this report. CONCLUSION It was confirmed in this experiment that changes in the environment like temperature, pH levels, substrate and enzyme concentrations did effect the rate of reaction. It really should be evident that the substrate and enzyme concentration levels would effect the rate of reaction the was they did as it was noted in the intro of the paper the role each one of these plays in the reaction process.